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                <text>The portrait of Pius IX is set within the text of the Bull of Excommunication addressed to all those participating in revolutionary activities within the Romagna or in activities to usurp the lands of the Romagna. Printed at bottom of portrait: "Original designed and executed with a steelpenn by Dr. Robt. M. Swander". Published by the Chirographic Publishing Company of Philadelphia.</text>
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                <text>Pius IX, Pope, 1792-1878.</text>
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                <text>Wood, James Frederick, 1813-1883.</text>
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                <text>Public Domain: We believe this material to be in the public domain and free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. While CHRC claims no rights or authority over this material, we do ask that any publication or use of this material cite CHRC as the source of the images and the repository where the original documents can be found.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Most Rev. John Hughes, D.D. First Archbishop of New York</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="112472">
                <text>Public Domain: We believe this material to be in the public domain and free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. While CHRC claims no rights or authority over this material, we do ask that any publication or use of this material cite CHRC as the source of the images and the repository where the original documents can be found.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Public Domain: We believe this material to be in the public domain and free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. While CHRC claims no rights or authority over this material, we do ask that any publication or use of this material cite CHRC as the source of the images and the repository where the original documents can be found.</text>
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